Blog Recap • February 2015

February was the biggest month on the blog, almost by a factor of two. Here’s a recap of the lessons, posts, and other math-related things that went down.

february-2015

Lessons

  1. Learn Desmos. A great place to start if you want to learn more about this free online graphing calculator.

Top Posts

  1. Visual Patterns + Desmos = Amazing! Multi-representational approach to linear functions, with a little Desmos on the side.
  2. “Everybody stand up…” A post about on-your-feet pattern finding.
  3. Visual Patterns… Now What?! Launching from Visual Patterns into other rich tasks.
  4. Task Delivery: Less is More. They’ll never learn to ride if we don’t take the training wheels off at some point.
  5. 10-Second Pause. Adding a bite-size element of reflection into our review.

Other Posts

The rest of the posts from February are available here.

Speaking

39th Annual Spring Math/Science Conference (CMSEMC) | Invited
Turning Students Into Posers + Solvers
February 7, 2015 • Redwood City, CA

CUE Rock Star Teacher Camp Petaluma | Faculty
February 13-15, 2015 • Petaluma, CA

Visual Patterns… Now What?!

If the response to my post from Tuesday is any indication, people on the Internet Machine love Fawn Nguyen’s Visual Patterns.

visual-patterns

Let’s say you’re one of these folks, and your students are now rocking this sweet set of challenges. Now what?!

now-what.001

Well, for one thing, don’t stop! These are rich enough problems to keep bringing them before your students. (In fact, the real fun begins when we break out quadratics, including my personal favorite: patterns involving triangular and other figurate numbers.)

A Means To Another End

But I would offer that Visual Patterns are not only an end in themselves, but also a means to another end.

  • “An end in themselves” because, let’s face it, they’re awesome all on their own.
  • “A means to another end” because they provide students with experience in approaching mathematics through multiple representations. And this visual-verbal-numerical-graphical-algebraic tag team effort translates to new scenarios far more powerfully than a single representation would.

This last point was on full display this morning in Math B (eighth grade) as my students worked on Dan Meyer’s High School Graduation task.

Here’s a sample of how things went down:

now-what.002 now-what.003

Look familiar? I sure hope so.

After several rounds of Visual Patterns, students have developed a framework for translating a text-dense, potentially-intimidating task into something they can explore, something they can understand. In fact, once students had the table of values (which was admittedly a team effort), they were off to the races.

While students in past years were able to answer some of the numerical questions (when did the name-reading begin/end), they typically struggled to do anything more than that, and were at a loss when it came to writing an equation to model the scenario.

A Well Worn Path

So why were my students this year able to hack it? Because we’ve worn that visual-verbal-numerical-graphical-algebraic path so well in just a couple of weeks that moving from one representation to the next—and turning back to make connections among various forms—is becoming second nature.

And while there’s more than one way to foster this kind of connected thinking, I’ve found Visual Patterns to be among the most engaging, powerful, and effective.

Postscript

As you can tell, I’ve had fun with Visual Patterns this week and last. I have one more post in me on this topic, then I promise I’ll shift my rambling to something else. 🙂

10-Second Pause

We’ve been shoring up our differentiation and integration skills in AP Calculus. During the last two class sessions, I’ve intentionally avoided whole-class review. I wanted students to wrestle individually and in small groups.

Today, however, I shifted back to a handful of “let’s walk through these together” exercises for the first 15 minutes or so of class. But I added a twist…

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At the beginning of each exercise, I asked students to rate their understanding of the problem we were about to attack:

  • Beginning (B)
  • Developing (D)
  • Proficient (P)

These are the same descriptions I use on the proficiency scale for my SBG assessments, so students are familiar with them.

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Then, after walking through the problem as a class, I asked them to rate their understanding again.

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My goal? To push my students a little further down the road of reflecting on their understanding. In particular, I wanted them to have a sense of what they need to work on prior to our assessments at the end of the week.

I’m hopeful that the 10-second pause on each problem gives them some valuable insight, and possibly some more informed motivation for what comes next. Better yet, maybe this is something they’ll apply on their own initiative in another situation, whether in my classroom or another one.

Visual Patterns + Desmos = Amazing!

I’ve been a fan of Fawn Nguyen’s visualpatterns.org for several years. I use resources from the website on a regular basis in my own classroom and in teacher training. The conversations are always excellent, and the emphasis on multiple-representations is a huge benefit to students wrestling with ideas in an all-too-often isolated context. (Plus, creating your own patterns is a blast!)

visual-pattern-4

I took the reins for a middle school math class a few weeks ago. Our emphasis for the past couple of weeks has been CCSS.8.F, and linear-based visual patterns have been a key part of our exploration.

I’ve abandoned Fawn’s original handout, and even the modified version I created a couple years ago, and instead launch each visual pattern by having students fold a blank sheet of paper into quarters.

The other element I’ve incorporated into my visual patterns routine this year: Desmos.

The New Play-by-Play

Here’s how Visual Patterns plays out in my classroom these days:

1. Setup

Distribute a clean 8.5 by 11 inch sheet of printer paper to each student. Students fold the paper in quarters, then unfold.

paper-in-quarters

The beauty here is that my preparation for visual patterns no longer involves a trip to the copier. Instead, I grab a ream of paper, three-hole the whole stack, and we’re ready to rock for quite some time.

2. Draw What You See

Next, I display—one at a time—the images for Stages 1-3. Students are required to draw each stage in one quarter of their paper.

visual-pattern-slide

My goal for these three rounds of “draw what you see” is  to force students to attend the the structural details of the pattern before they begin extending the pattern visually or describing the structure verbally.

3. Predict and Describe What’s Next

Next, I display the following…

visual-pattern-stage-4

…and ask students to sketch and describe Stage 4. Their recent investment in observing the structure of Stages 1-3 usually pays dividends in Stage 4, both in making the predictive sketch and in describing their rationale.

visual-patterns-student-work.001

After a moment or two, I collect a few responses, recording them in a Keynote slide. (Note: I only do this for some of the challenges.)

4. Fast Forward to Stage 10

This is where the rubber meets the road. Can students extend the pattern beyond simply “the next one”?

visual-patterns-student-work.002

We flip the paper over and use the top left quarter as work space for figuring out how many items are in Stage 10. Some students sketch the image. Others wrestle numerically. Others skip this quarter for a time until they’ve done more work elsewhere.

5. Represent!

As I mentioned above, one of my favorite things about Visual Patterns is the way these mini-tasks lend themselves to multiple representations. Here’s what we do with the remaining quarters on the back:

Make a table (and find the rate of change, for linear patterns):

visual-patterns-student-work.003

Sketch the graph:

visual-patterns-student-work.004

Write an equation:

visual-patterns-student-work.005

6. Desmos!

At some point, students fire up Desmos on a phone, tablet, or laptop to confirm their results.

Screen Shot 2015-02-24 at 4.06.12 PM

Aside from general Desmos-awesomeness, there are a few specific benefits here:

  • Students confirm the numerical work they’ve summarized in the table. Errors in a sequence are often easier to spot in graphical form than numerical form. Adding a table to the expression list while keeping an eye on the coordinate plane helps students identify potential errors in pattern-extending and/or arithmetic.
  • Students confirm the equation they’ve found actually fits the numerical data. I derive more than a little satisfaction from watching a line or curve pass through a set of ordered pairs? Based on my students’ reactions, I am not the only one.
  • Students tweak the window in order to confirm and/or help create their on-paper graphical representation. I’ve encouraged students to apply the “fill the frame” advice heard in photography circles as they make their window adjustments.

The End Result

I use Scannable (a free iOS app from Evernote that makes scanning and saving dead-simple) to capture 2-3 samples of student work. Here’s one in its entirety:

visual-patterns-student-work.006 visual-patterns-student-work.007

Task Delivery: Less is More

I can’t tell you how many times I’ve taken a solid task and whittled it away to almost nothing.

baton-drop

It’s easy to fail with a terrible task. But over the past few years, I’ve also found a number of ways to flame out with lessons that were packed with potential.

The Main Culprit?

My inability to “let go” during the launch has derailed more than a few lessons. Picture me as the 4×100 relay member who won’t let go of the baton, causing the team’s chances to crash in a heap of flailing limbs.

My Prescription

I’ve been stretching myself in recent months by giving as brief an introduction as possible before getting out of the way. It doesn’t always work out, especially if the task itself is unclear. However, sometimes the results are fantastic, as was the case last week with my Math B class (mostly 8th graders).

I distributed student handouts for Battery Charging (an Illustrative Mathematics task), asked them to read the directions to themselves, then directed them to work in their table groups. I announced: “You’ll be on your own for the first 10 minutes.” I then stepped out of the way and watched as they struggled, some frustratingly, and others very productively. Some even finished the task with half of this “introductory time” remaining.

Stepping Back In

At the end of the 10 minutes, I re-engaged, offering guiding questions to struggling groups and pushing those who had already finished to solve it using another approach. Eventually, we drifted toward Desmos as a way to summarize our findings in different representations. This stage of the lesson—synthesizing, connecting, closing—is another element with room for improvement, but I find I do less damage here than in the launch (thanks in part to the 5 Practices).

desmos-battery-charging

What About You?

Is lesson launch a place where you struggle? If so, try launching your next task with as few words as possible. (Better yet, try launching something without saying anything more than, “Go!”)

Are you adept at setting rich math tasks in motion? Drop a line in the comments to share your wisdom.

Do you struggle with the all-important elements at the end of a lesson? Or have your abilities here grown in recent years? Either way, I’d love to hear what you’re doing well and what you’re looking to improve.

“Everybody stand up…”

Sometimes the saying “better to be lucky than good” applies to teaching as well. Today I stumbled across a new routine by little more than blind luck.

pattern.001

Inspired by the sleepy looks on several faces, I interrupted my middle school class with a shout: “Everybody stand up! Head to the back of the room. Make a circle around those two tables.”

At this point, I had no idea what we were going to do. But it was going to be on our feet and it was going to involve everyone.

On the way to the back of the room, I snagged an empty water bottle. And then…

Round 1

Holding the plastic bottle in my hands, I announced: “2, 4, 6.” Then I passed the bottle to the student on my right, and gave her no directions.

Her response was beautiful: “2, 4, 6, 8?”

“Nice. But leave off the 2, 4, 6. Just say 8.” We started over. “2, 4, 6.” Then, “8.”

“Alright! Pass it along.”

The next student: “10.”

And with that, the rhythm was established. We went all the way around the circle. And guess what?! Eighth graders can count by twos!

Round 2

With the bottle back in my hands, I started a new routine: “5, 10, 15.” But then I passed it off to the left. And they rocked this direct variation sequence just as easily as the first round.

Round 3 (and a surprise!)

“Okay, let’s ramp up the difficulty just a bit. Ready? Here goes: 1, 4, 7.”

I passed the bottle along (back to the right now), and with no hesitation: “10.”

Then followed 13, 16, and 19 without any trouble. And to be honest, much of the progress was smooth, as you’d hope for a group of middle schoolers.

But once every third or fourth student, there was a pause. Not a long one. Not necessarily awkward. Just a pause. And that up-and-to-the-left-as-if-the-answer-is-on-the-ceiling look that means someone is lying (or telling the truth; I can never remember). There was a fair bit of whispering, followed by a shout: “20… 21… 22!” And even some twitching fingers as students accessed old-school strategies for continuing the pattern.

This was magic for me. I’ve only been teaching this group for about three weeks. (It’s a long story.) As such, I don’t know their strengths and weaknesses quite as well as if I’d been their teacher all year. But this simple activity gave me instant insight into the basic number sense skills my students possess.

There was another bonus at the end of this round. We briefly discussed the “starting number” and the “change” (1 and 3, respectively). Since we’ve been rocking linear visual patterns recently, we turned this into the equation y = 1 + 3x rather quickly and moved on. (Assuming that we’re beginning with the zeroth term here.)

Round 4 (another surprise!)

We had time for one more: “5, 9, 13.” I passed the bottle left, and we were off. “17,” “21,” and so forth. But then we hit a snag. Someone forgot the previous numbers. So we invented a new rule: If someone gets stuck, they can ask the previous three people to repeat their numbers. No other hints are allowed.

On track. Off track. Hint. Back on track. And so on until we make it back to the beginning.

Looking Ahead

I’m excited to try this again next week. I’ve already started thinking about ways to adjust and/or extend:

  • Introduce a higher starting number, and/or negative change. (A student actually suggested 10, 8, 6, etc. as we wandered back to our seats.)
  • Introduce sequences involving fractions or decimals.
  • Invite students to generate the pattern by kicking a round off with their own sequence of three numbers.
  • Mix things up—and simultaneously encourage more students to focus on each response—so that if a student needs help, I call on a random student to repeat the last 2-3 numbers.

One More Thing…

I can’t help but think I may be subconsciously ripping off Sadie Estrella’s counting circles here. Whatever the case, I’m excited to see where this routine leads us in the weeks ahead.

If you do something similar with your students, or if you decide to give this a try with your own class, drop a line in the comments so we can benefit from your experience.

And if your name is Sadie and you hail from the lovely state of Hawaii, there’s a special spot in the comments reserved just for you. Let me know what you think!

Blog Recap • January 2015 Edition

January was a busy month on the blog. Here’s a recap of the lessons, posts, and other math-related things that filled up those 31 days.

january-2015

Lessons

  1. Match My Line. The start of this recent “Match My Graph” madness.
  2. Match My Parabola. If the reaction on Twitter is any indication, hands down the most popular lesson I’ve posted.

Top Posts

  1. 5 Things Every Teacher Should Know About Twitter. A quick introduction to using Twitter. By no means comprehensive, but a nice start for those interested in expanding their online PLC.
  2. Two Wrongs and a Right. An error-analysis routine inspired by Michael Pershan’s work at mathmistakes.org.
  3. Age-Appropriate? Not Exactly. Valuable? Absolutely. A linear graphing challenge experiment gone… What’s the opposite of “awry”?
  4. Twitter Chats vs Family Dinners: Do We Really Have to Choose? I love Twitter. And Twitter chats. But family life means I usually choose not to participate. Enter #slowmathchat, a weekly chat not tied to a particular time of day.
  5. Four Points, One Line. A work-in-progress linear graphing challenge for students, with a goal of eliciting a variety of equation forms.

Other Posts

The rest of the posts from January are available here.

Speaking

Community High School District 117
January 16, 2015 • Chicago, IL

San Dieguito Union High School District
January 27, 2015 • Escondido, CA